This has inspired physicists, geneticists, chemists, and biologists to join with microbiologists in what is known as molecular biology. Of late, microorganisms have been used as ideal tools to carry out the study of intricate life processes. (v) In the late nineteenth century Burrill, an American scientist working on fire blight of pears established that bacteria cause plant diseases. (iv) A famous Dutch microbiologist, Beijerinck (1851-1981) described the usefulness of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter) in promoting soil fertility and (iii) In 1888 the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and leguminous plants was demonstrated by Hellriegel and Wilfarth
RICKETTSIA SKETCHY MICRO SERIES
In course of time John Needham (1713-1781), Lazaro Spallanzani (1729-1799), Franz Schulze, (1815-1873) and Zheodor Schwann (1810-1882), Pouchet (1859) spoke for and against the theory that living things can originate spontaneously.įinally Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) through his series of experiments proved his germ theory by establishing the fact that different germs came into the world from their parent germs and germs induce various diseases which was suggested by earlier workers. The concept of origin of animals spontaneously from the soil, plants, or other unlike animals sponsored by Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) was still accepted in the seventeenth century. His discovery brought inspiration to many workers to take interest in the origin of living things. But Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) was the first person to report descriptions of microorganisms in detail. It was Kircher who first recognized the importance of microorganisms in disease development. Similar suggestion was made by Fracastoro of Verona (1483-1553) and von Plenciz (1762) without any evidence.īut in the mean time in 1658 Kircher designated the disease inducing living organisms as ‘worms’, which according to him are invisible to the naked eye. During the thirteenth century Roger Bacon suggested that disease is induced by invisible living organisms. Microbiology or study of microorganisms has an interesting past history. There may be further specialization in some aspects of above groups of microorganisms for example, bacterial genetics, bacterial cytology, algal physiology, medical mycology, etc. (ii) Viruses are causal agents of diseases, hence their diagnostic procedures and identification are also similar to employed in the clinical microbiological laboratory as well as the plant pathology laboratory. (i) The techniques that are used to study viruses are very similar to those that are applied in the study of microorganisms and For example, Bacteriology is the study of bacteria often broadly designated as Microbiology Mycology is the study of fungi Phycology is the study of algae Protozoology is the study of protozoa and Virology is the study of viruses.Īlthough viruses are not cellular organisms, they are included under microbiology for two reasons: Microbiologists may specialize in the study of different groups of microorganisms. They have been remarkably successful in exploiting the useful microorganisms and combating the harmful ones and have also successfully solved intricate problems of biochemistry and genetics using microorganisms as tool for their study. Microbiologists are those who specialize to work with the microorganisms. For the most part, microbiology deals with microscopic organisms.
It also includes the study of their distribution in nature, their relationship to each other and to other living organisms. It is concerned with the form, structure, metabolism, growth, reproduction and identification of microorganisms. The science of microbiology is the study of microorganisms and their activities. Since both the problems of small size and the methods of study and since unrelated microorganisms frequently occupy the same habitat and thus influence each other, it is convenient to study them within the same discipline, i.e., Microbiology.
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